Among these, 606 individuals were identified and reunited with their families, which means a staggering 64 percent returned home without any knowledge of their Japanese names or families, their roots completely severed. "Who Am I" documents these people. Each face, whether in their forties or fifties, seems to be frozen in time at the moment of separation immediately after Japan's defeat in 1945, earnestly searching for their relatives filled with sorrow yet hope, speaking quietly rather than shouting. Unlike the fleeting images seen on television screens or the small photographs printed in newspapers, their expressions capture subtle details, conveying the vivid presence of humans beyond the forgotten spans of history.
However, publishing this photobook was no easy task. It might seem like a government responsibility, but a publishing committee had to raise funds nationwide and, despite shortages, managed to realize the project with volunteer support. Since August, it has been made available in municipal offices across the country, serving as a ledger for those searching for their relatives. Although having it on my desk doesn't directly aid their search, I find myself drawn to it, flipping through the pages, unable to look away from each individual.
One woman, named Liu Yuxiang, stands with a faint smile, holding a small photo of a young girl in her right hand. She wears a newly tailored, somewhat oversized dark suit, with the sleeves rolled up about five centimeters—likely due to the length being too long. "Estimated age as of August 1945: 4 years. Blood type: B. Place of separation: Tieshou County, Hei'an Province. Date of separation: around October 1945. Japanese name: unknown. Family composition: father, mother, brother. Occupation of parents/family: settlers. Living situation with family: unknown. Circumstance of separation: carried on the back by the mother, who was leading a boy thought to be her brother, to the home of foster father Liu Chunfang, near the station in Suiso County. Wearing a blue chan-chan-co at the time. Later, the mother visited the foster home with a boy about seven or eight years old but could not meet." This is all that is recorded.
Many of the orphans were children of people sent to Manchukuo and Inner Mongolia for settlement, and she was one of them. At that time, estimated to be four years old, she could not remember her Japanese name or her parents' names. A note in the margin states, "The photo she holds was taken when she was nine years old," likely in her foster home. Though old and faded, and so fragile it seems it could crumble at the slightest touch, the photo captures a young girl with plump cheeks—a photo that would make her family exclaim with recognition upon seeing it. Her innocent gaze seems to be reflected in the nearly fifty-year-old Liu Yuxiang's smiling face...
Tan Yongfu is another individual featured in this profound collection. His coat, with sleeves rolled up, seems tailored for a woman rather than a man. His rugged expression, as if he has just looked up from the vast lands of the continent, is complemented by a faint mustache below his nose. All details about him at the time of Japan's defeat—his Japanese name, his parents' occupations, his family structure, and his living situation—are marked as "unknown." A notable physical feature is "two moles between the eyebrows." "In October 1946, his mother left him at the home of his foster parents (a Russian-style building) in Yiner Beach City, South Gangmu Street, under the care of foster mother Quxian Ju." This is all his record states. He has no childhood photos or any clues to his past. The man, now years beyond forty, looks older than his age, his hands gnarled, as he looks tensely into the camera...
This passage reminds me of my own story. In September 1944, as Japan's situation in the Pacific War darkened, I took a commemorative photo with my family. Just days before I, a fifth grader at the national school, was separated from my parents and siblings to escape the bombings of Tokyo for a small town in the northeast, we had our picture taken, prepared for the possibility that we might never see each other alive again, a common practice among our neighbors. Fortunately, my family survived the Great Tokyo Air Raid on March 10 of the following year, and after the war, I was reunited with them, unlike some friends who became war orphans and wandered the ruins seeking their parents with just a photo as their clue.
A photo taken on a special day, with everyone facing the camera tensely, is a testament to those times. Today, while taking photos has become a common part of daily life, those uninteresting-looking portrait photos taken on special occasions represent the essence of photography as an art form. They quietly convey profound life stories that go beyond mere words, more so than casual, candid shots capturing natural expressions.
These 1,092 portraits, after 45 years since the war, continue to mark the ongoing tragedy of war, asking "Who am I?"—seeking proof of existence not only from relatives but also from all Japanese who tend to forget the war. As the investigations related to the visits of these orphans conclude and their issue fades from the media, it becomes even more crucial not to forget these facts.
In the void of the white background, images of the Chinese foster parents and families who raised them, the landscapes of China, and those who have become fathers and mothers to the orphans who have yet to visit Japan, rise up. While we wish to reunite them with their biological families, many of those present here may end their lives as Chinese without ever proving their roots. The complexity of knowing yet not coming forward adds depth to their portraits, each silently conveying a lifetime shaped by an unending war. This book, a constant reference on my desk, presents a depth that I could spend a lifetime exploring without fully comprehending. / GPT-4
Shinchosha, November 1990 issue, "Mado" by Shuichi Sae